Nov 7, 2025 10:31 AM
The Best Shower Filters for Removing Chlorine and Lead From Your Water
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Can you trust the water from your shower? The answer, according to WIRED’s reporting, is not always encouraging. For a year, I’ve tested the best shower water filters among a new generation of stylish showerheads that promise to solve whatever your deteriorating pipes and chemical-filled shower water might be doing to your body, during what may otherwise be the only peaceful five minutes of your day.
If you can rid yourself of the chlorine or other contaminants in your water, the argument goes, clean water may be the cure for your most embarrassing problems: everything from frizzy hair to limp hair to dandruff, hair loss, eczema, dry skin, itchy skin, split ends, blackheads, and the heartbreak of psoriasis. Some filters have been certified to remove PFAS “forever chemicals.” But especially, the best shower water filters I tested are quite good at removing the abrasive chlorine compounds that cities add to your tap water to kill bacteria—and I have verified this using chemical test kits. Note that each filter might perform differently depending where you live, because different cities use different chlorine compounds to disinfect your water.
The differences in performance were shockingly big in some cases. My favorite filtered showerhead, tthe Rorra Filtered Showerhead ($199), pairs handsome design with effectiveness and longevity shown by both WIRED’s own tests and publicly available, independent lab testing (a rarity among often non-transparent filtered shower head companies.) The Canopy Filtered Showerhead ($150), combines effective chlorine removal with pleasing design and easy installation. And the Weddell Duo ($90) is an inline filter that offers the widest array of public, independent testing for filtering impurities, including PFAS and lead. So, let’s say you don’t like chlorine in your water? And you live in a city? These are the best shower filters I’ve found.
For more purity filters and tests, check out our guides to the Best Backpacking Water Filters, Best Air Purifiers, and Best Indoor Air Quality Monitors. For more ways to level up your bathroom, check out our guides to the Best Bidets, Best Electric Toothbrushes, and the Best Eco-Friendly Cleaning Products for Your Home.
Updated November 2025: After weeks of testing, Rorra is WIRED’s new top pick among shower water filters based on public and independent testing, combined with WIRED’s own tests using chemical indicators. The Filterbaby sink filter is also a pick for those who wash their faces at the bathroom sink.
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Best Shower Head Filter Overall
Rorra
Filtered Showerhead
The biggest problem with shower head filters is untested claims. Unlike most media sites, WIRED conducts its own tests using the same chemical indicators used by professionals (not useless test strips, which are a shoulder shrug.) But there’s no substitute for independent, third-party lab testing. And most filter makers won’t release results.
Well, Rorra checks all the boxes. The Rorra filtered shower head is handsome and modern and available in colors from chrome to matte black to a somewhat bronzed brushed nickel, with bulk that could also be called sturdiness. Installation and filter replacement is easy, without need of plumber’s tape or wrenches. Rorra is a water filtration company of long standing and long repute, which is always reassuring. The shower head fared as well as possible in WIRED’s tests, reducing not just chlorine but also chloramine to undetectable levels. And especially, the company is not shy about releasing its independent third-party testing results in detail, showing the precise longevity of the shower filter’s effectiveness over time.
The filter is a two-part filter, a mix of KDF-55 and calcium sulfite, without an activated or catalyzed carbon layer used by some filters (which has some efficacy, but does tend to lose effectiveness faster than some media.) But for this, Rorra purports to use 30 percent more filter media than its competitors. And my own testing results show Rorra reduces total chlorine to undetectable levels out of the box for weeks of showers, with better longevity than others I’ve tested. Independent, public lab testing shows this removal rate will stay above 90 percent for three months of daily 8-minute showers by a pair, or maybe six months for a singleton. After that, the filtration rate slowly dips, reaching half-effectiveness by double that span. This tested effectiveness does outperform other KDF filter systems I’ve tested: Some begin losing ground after only a month.
This said, Rorra isn’t the cheapest among the filtered shower heads: It’s discounted if you sign up for filter replacements, but otherwise is priced north of $200, with more expensive filter replacement than some. But WIRED’s testing, and independent lab testing, at least offer some reason to believe you’re getting something for the money.
Specs Filter material 2 layers: KDF-55 and calcium sulfite Filter replacements $45, once every three months Independent lab testing? Independent lab testing for free chlorine removal and structural integrity. Spray settings N/A Flow rate and limiters Standard 2.5 g/min and 1.75 g/min WIRED/TIREDLargeChevron WIRED- Lowers total and free chlorine to undetectable levels
- Public, independent lab testing verifies claims
- Handsome, luxe showerhead design
TIRED- No spray setting adjustment
- Pricier than alternatives
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Best Filtered Handheld Shower Wand
Canopy
Handheld Filtered Showerhead
Canopy is WIRED’s previous pick for best showerhead overall. It remains my favorite filtered shower wand. The filter in Canopy’s handheld wand is the same tri-layered puck as in the basic Canopy showerhead, using the same mixture of filtering compounds. This means that the handheld, just like Canopy’s fixed showerhead, was able to bring total chlorine in my water down to undetectable amounts.
Canopy’s handheld offers a classic silhouette—without the ungainly, mad-scientist laboratory assembly required by some filtered handhelds. The reason for the simplicity is simple: The filter is installed inside the spray head, not as a separate part. This gives Canopy’s handheld what some would describe as a pleasing heft, as compared to the cheap-feeling flimsiness of other filtered handhelds I tested. Others may find the Canopy’s heft to be simply “heavy.”
There are other trade-offs. The spray is not adjustable, which means the wand does not offer any forceful “massage” settings. And changing the filter is a bit of a pain, requiring more force than seems reasonable. Which is to say there’s room for improvement. But in the somewhat sparse market for excellent filtered shower wands, it’s the best and most effective I’ve tried. For cities using chlorine, not chloramine, the Croix handheld shower wand offers plausible competition. According to my testing, it was’t as effective for water that uses chloramine.
Specs Filter material 3 layers: KDF-55, calcium sulfite, activated carbon Filter replacements $25, once every three months Independent lab testing? None offered Spray settings No adjustments Flow rate and limiters 2.5 g/m; 1.8 g/m restrictor included WIRED/TIREDLargeChevron WIRED- Filters chlorine to undetectable levels, according to WIRED testing
- Handheld
- Easy installation
TIRED- No public lab tests released
- Difficult to unscrew, for filter replacement
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Best Inline Shower Filter for Chlorine and Lead
Weddell
Duo Shower Filter
Most makers of shower water filters are a bit circumspect about releasing lab test data or getting their products certified by international testing bodies. Not Weddell. As of August 2025, the Weddell Duo is the only US shower water filter I’ve obtained that received certification for free chlorine removal from the NSF international testing organization. The Duo is also certified by NSF to remove lead from pipes, and Weddell cites third-party testing by IAPMO R&T showing that the showerhead removes PFAs, though this is not accompanied by any certification.
If your city water uses chlorine and not chloramine (check here to verify), this is probably the filter I’d get. The Duo is an inline filter, which means you screw it in between your pipe and your existing showerhead. It’s not overly pretty—a bit like your shower got skewered by a fuel rod—but it is lab-tested and certified, and the horizontal design means it won’t change the height of your shower much. Each filter is certified to remove the lion’s share of free chlorine over the course of 8,000 gallons. (An average household uses 350 gallons per person each month.) Still, according to our testing, the Duo was not as effective as the top-rated Canopy, Hydroviv, or Afina filters at removing chloramine, the substance used in more than half of major metropolitan areas. New York, Chicago, Seattle, Detroit, and Phoenix use chlorine to disinfect their drinking water. This is the filter I’d likely favor in those cities, if free chlorine were my main concern.
Specs Filter material 2 layers: activated carbon and “proprietary medium” Filter replacements $25-$30, once every three months Independent lab testing? NSF certification to remove free chlorine and lead; independent testing to remove PFAs Spray settings No effect Flow rate and limiters Rated for up to 2.5 g/minute. WIRED/TIREDLargeChevron WIRED- NSF-certified to filter both chlorine and lead
- Independent lab results show PFAS filtering
- Can add to existing shower fixture
TIRED- Less effective in chloramine systems
- Shower height will lower slightly after installation
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Best Adjustable Filtered Shower Head
Canopy
Filtered Showerhead
Canopy was one of a minority of showerhead brands I tested that was able to bring my chloramine-treated water’s total measurable chlorine down to undetectable levels, over multiple days of testing and at all water temperatures. The filtration media are a mix of multiple substances known to be effective at reducing chlorine: KDF-55, calcium sulfite, and granular activated carbon made from coconut shells.
Canopy is a handsome and elegantly designed showerhead, whose thoughtfulness often shows up in the small details. The stream is adjustable on three settings, from a satisfyingly broad and even spray to a punishing middle jet. Installation was tool-free, and also the most hitch-free I encountered. Filter cartridge replacement is even easier and doesn’t require unscrewing the showerhead. Canopy offers aromatherapy options from diffusers to felt air fresheners you can hang from the top of your showerhead and refresh with essential oils—a clear play to turn its shower “experience” into a wellness-based lifestyle brand. Heck, even the packaging is quite pleasant, if also excessive, designed for the era of influencer TikTok unboxings.
But it’s also easy to appreciate the Canopy showerhead’s simple efficacy and the refreshing level of care taken in its design. Filters will set you back $27 to $37 once every three months—a nonnegligible expense, but at the low end for similar devices. Note, however, that Canopy—like pretty much all of the new wave of filtered-showerhead makers—declares in marketing materials that its showerheads exceed NSF standards for chlorine removal but did not provide evidence of independent lab testing upon request. My own testing results showed the filter is exceedingly effective out of the box. Two months into the filter’s life, this effectiveness had drifted down closer to filtering out more like half of the total chlorine. This is better than most filters we tested, but not as good as our top pick, Rorra.
Specs Filter material 3 layers: KDF-55, calcium sulfite, activated carbon Filter replacements $27-$37, once every three months Independent lab testing? None offered Spray settings Three settings, from wide spray to forceful centered blast Flow rate and limiters 2.5 g/min; 1.8 g/min restrictor included WIRED/TIREDLargeChevron WIRED- Reduced total chlorine to undetectable levels
- Excellent design; easy installation and filter replacement
- 3-layer filtration media, including activated carbon
TIRED- No independent lab test data released
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Best Bathtub Water Filter
Canopy
Baby Bathtub Filter
This bathtub filter from Canopy is a concept I hadn’t seen before—essentially a silicone sleeve that fits over a bathtub spout, so you can filter bathwater the same way you might do your shower. It’s a clever solution to the variability of bathtub fixtures. Installation isn’t too difficult: The silicone sleeve stretched quite easily over my older, bulky bathtub spout.
Like Canopy’s shower filters, the bathtub filter uses a mix of activated carbon, KDF-55, and calcium sulfite. Most of the marketing is geared toward baby’s bathtime—and Canopy’s website shows troubling images of baby rashes and baby skin irritation that could theoretically be prevented.
But bathtub spouts are a difficult problem to solve. And my testing of the resulting bathwater showed worse filtering results than Canopy’s filtered showerheads, likely because the system’s not leakproof. If your water pressure outstrips the filter’s flow capacity, unfiltered water will leak out into the bathtub. On my bathtub in particular, which struggles to limit water pressure, the filter was about half as effective at filtering chlorine as Canopy’s showerhead filter. This said, half is better than zero—and I haven’t yet found other bathtub filters better than this one. (You could, however, fill a bathtub using a filtered showerhead from Canopy, which successfully filters all chlorine.)
Specs Filter material 3 layers: KDF-55, calcium sulfite, and activated carbon Filter replacements $25, once every three months Independent lab testing? None offered Spray settings N/A Flow rate and limiters N/A, but you’ll need to manually lower water pressure to match the bathtub filter’s capacity WIRED/TIREDLargeChevron WIRED- Works on multiple sizes of spout
- Removes much chlorine from bathwater
TIRED- Not as effective as Canopy’s shower filters
- No lab results made public
- A little awkwardilooking
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Best Bathroom Sink Water Filter
Filterbaby
Bathroom Sink Filter
OK, this isn’t a shower filter. But it’s relevant. This bathroom sink filter from Filterbaby is designed to solve a very specific problem. A lot of people wash their faces in the bathroom sink as part of their skincare regimen. But the water they’re using contains chlorine, which is bad for skin—and especially bad for sensitive skin. Enter this funny-looking thing (which actually installs reasonably handsomely, if bulbously.)
The sink filter from Rorra is able to remove almost all total chlorine from water in your bathroom sink, according to WIRED’s testing—an effectiveness that will, however, depend strongly on water pressure and flow rate. At full blast in my sink, the filter was about 80 percent effective. When I turned it down a bit, that effectiveness climbed to something closer to 98 percent. To extend the life of your filter when you’re not washing your face, you can actually toggle between using the filter and not—an interesting and thoughtful touch.
This said, it’s still an extra and kinda bulky thing on your bathroom sink. And installation is oddly involved: You must remove your faucet’s pre-installed aerator (and maybe discover some disheartening particulates trapped inside the old thing, blech.) Then you’ll have to sort through which of the 10 included adapters, and multiple O-rings, are the right ones for your sink. It’s hardly brain science, but if you’re not mechanically inclined, you may in fact want help with this one—especially because instructions and tutorial videos are only moderately clear.
Filter replacement is recommended once every three months, but in practice this should depend quite a bit on how much you use your bathroom sink. WIRED will keep testing, and fill you in on actual needs in practice.
Specs Filter material Proprietary “Ultra Filtration” system Filter replacements $40, recommended once every three months Independent lab testing? Available upon request Flow settings Can swithc between filtered and unfiltered WIRED/TIREDLargeChevron WIRED- Filters total chlorine to minuscule levels at low flow rates
- Attaches to fit bathroom sink
- Can be toggled from filtered to unfiltered
TIRED- A bit bulky in small bathroom sinks
- Installation is a little tedious
- Filtration less effective at high flow rates
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Best Filtered Showerhead for Spa-Like Spray
Afina
A-01 Filtered Shower Head
Most filtered shower fixtures, by their nature, are bulky. They have to be, because they need to house a big filter with zinc and copper inside. Afina turned this bug into a feature by leaning hard into its size, offering a broad, flat-fronted shower face that gave the most soothing spray—and satisfyingly forceful water jets—of all the filtered showerheads I tried. It’s not adjustable: It is what it is. But I quite like what it is.
Afina’s two-stage chlorine filter is also as effective as any of the filtered showerheads we tested, reducing total chlorine levels to undetectable amounts when it’s new. After being used for a month and some change, this effectiveness had started to drift downward considerably. Afina recommends filter replacement every two months at $40 a pop ($29 with a subscription). Chloramine filtering effectiveness did drop swiftly after a month or so, so I’d probably suggest this as well. Installation is tool-free and simple, and filter replacement requires just a quick twist of the wrist. Filters can be assessed easily by color to determine whether replacement is needed. Like your existing showerhead? Afina also offers an inline filter, though we have yet to test it.
Specs Filter material “Proprietary blend” with KDF-55 and calcium sulfite Filter replacements $29-$40, once every two months Independent lab testing? None offered Spray settings No adjustments Flow rate and limiters 2.5 g/m; 1.8 g/m restrictor included WIRED/TIREDLargeChevron WIRED- Can filter total chlorine to undetectable levels
- Best-in-class, broad water spray
TIRED- No independent lab tests provided
- Filters require frequent replacement
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Best Filtered Showerhead for Bacteria Resistance
Hydroviv
Filtered Showerhead
Hydroviv is a water filter company of long standing, and its KDF-55, calcium sulfite, and catalyzed carbon showerhead ranks among the few shower filters I’ve tested that was able to filter total chlorine levels down to undetectable levels in a chloramine-treated water system. Hydroviv suggests filter replacements once every six months, a longer span than comparable shower filters such as Canopy or Afina; that said, its $75 filters cost double or more what other filters do, and I noted significant loss of efficacy after four months. As with most makers of shower filters, requests to see independent lab testing results were not answered by company representatives.
But Hydroviv also adds an extra claim, namely that it contains “bacteriostatic” filter media. What’s this mean? It means that icky and potentially health-damaging mycobacteria are less likely to grow inside it. This is difficult to assess without access to lab results, but it’s hard not to like the notion of fewer bacteria colonies in your life.
Specs Filter material Three layers: KDF-55, calcium sulfite, and catalyzed carbon. Bacteriostatic medium discourages mycobacterial growth Filter replacements $75, once every six months Independent lab verification? Not provided Spray settings Is what it is Flow rate and limiters 2.5 g/m or 1.75 g/m options WIRED/TIREDLargeChevron WIRED- Filtered total chlorine to negligible levels
- Attractive, minimalist design
- Claims to reduce bacteria growth
TIRED- Filter replacements are expensive
- No independent lab data released
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Best Low-Plastic Shower Filter
Curo
Filtered Shower Head
A good number of filtered showerheads claim to remove microplastics. But the funny thing is, most of their filters are made with a significant amount of plastic. Take that paradox as you will. But English brand Curo uses far less plastic than any other brand we’ve found, aside from a bit of polyester in the filter’s mesh—and according to founder Harry Bilby, it’s working on getting rid of even this tiny bit of plastic.
Like our top-pick, Rorra, Curo’s three-layer shower filter also reduced total chlorine to undetectible levels in our testing. And in a rare gesture, its founder also shared third-party lab testing results showing that the filter is effective on free chlorine levels for 8,000 gallons at a high flow rate. The catch for those in the United States is that Curo is a handheld showerhead that doesn’t come with a hose and adapter for American shower pipes. And so Americans will have to figure that out, if they don’t already have a handheld showerhead setup. If you do have a handheld showerhead, just screw it off and screw on the Curo. Note that the showerhead itself is priced lower than other brands on this list, but filter replacement is more expensive.
Specs Filter material KDF-55, calcium sulfite, and activated carbon Filter replacements ~$45 every 3 months, or ~$160 for a set of four filters for the year Independent lab verification? Reviewed by WIRED, from a Korean lab Spray settings Is what it is Flow rate and limiters 2.5 g/m or 1.75 g/m options WIRED/TIREDLargeChevron WIRED- Filters total chlorine to undetectable levels for chloramine system
- Third-party lab data provided for chlorine systems
- Lower plastic use
TIRED- Does not come with handheld shower mount
- Filter replacement among most expensive
Compare Our Top 7 Shower Filter Systems
| Grinder | Filter media | WIRED testing results | Certifications/independent lab data reviewed by WIRED | Filter replacement cost | Type | Other features |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Rorra Filtered Showerhead | KDF-55, calcium sulfite, | Reduced total chlorine to undetectable levels in a chloramine-treated system | Yes | $45, every 3 months | Fixture | Easy filter replacement without de-installation |
| Canopy Filtered Showerhead | KDF-55, calcium sulfite, activated carbon | Reduced total chlorine to undetectable levels in a chloramine-treated system | No | $27-$37, every 3 months | Fixture | Adjustable spray |
| Weddel Duo | Activated carbon, plus “proprietary medium” | Removed most but not all total chlorine in a chloramine-treated system; best for chlorine-treated systems | NSF-certified to remove chlorine and lead | $25-$30, every 3 months | Inline filter | Filter replacement without de-installation |
| Canopy Handheld | KDF-55, calcium sulfite, activated carbon | Reduced total chlorine to undetectable levels in a chloramine-treated system | No | $27-$37, every 3 months | Handheld | Filter replacement without de-installation |
| Afina Filtered Showerhead | “Proprietary blend” with KDF-55 and calcium sulfite | Reduced total chlorine to undetectable levels in a chloramine-treated system | No | $29-$40, every 4 months | Fixture | Broad,e ven spray |
| Hydroviv Filtered Showerhead | KDF-55, calcium sulfite, and catalyzed carbon | Reduced total chlorine to undetectable levels in a chloramine-treated system | No | $75, every 6 months | Fixture | Anti-bacterial material |
| Curo Shower Wand | KDF-55, calcium sulfite, and activated carbon | Reduced total chlorine to undetectable levels in a chloramine-treated system | Independent data for chlorine-treated systems: removes chlorine for up to 8,000 gallons | ~$45 every 3 months, or ~$160 for a set of four filters for the year | Handheld | Low plastic use |
Honorable Mention Shower Filters
Filterbaby Diamond Series Shower Filter for $113: This inline filter was able to reduce total chlorine levels to undetectable amounts, one of few filters on the market able to do so—and the fact that it’s an inline filter means you’ll be able to keep your existing showerhead and just slot this filter in between the pipe and your showerhead. That said, it’s a bulky filter, which means your showerhead will be about 4 inches lower than it used to be, and the screw-in system is a little awkward: It’s one of the only showerheads I actually needed a wrench to install properly. The replacement filters are designed to use minimal plastic, but they’re are also more expensive than most, at $42 every three months.
ShowerClear Shower Head for $139: OK, you got me. This isn’t a filter. The ShowerClear is instead designed to solve a problem you probably hadn’t thought about but now may keep you up at night: Potentially infectious bacteria called mycobacteria, prone to causing respiratory lung infections, enjoy growing inside showerheads and are resistant to chlorine-treated water. They grow in colonies, a bit like fungus. Hence, the name. What’s worse, if you can’t open up your showerhead, you can’t see them and you don’t know they’re there. Gives you the willies. Anyway, this ShowerClear has a hinge and a latch. This means you can open it up, look inside, and clean its interior completely, with soap or vinegar or disinfectants. This is a very rare quality even among filtered showerheads. I’d be happier if the ShowerClear’s water flow fanned out a little better, or if the latch were less of a defining design feature. But what’s all that for a little peace of mind? (That said, if you want a filter to remove chlorine, you’ll also need an inline filter like the Weddell Duo.)
Croix Filtered Showerhead for $129 and Croix Handheld Showerhead for $129: Shower filter company Croix was founded by chemical engineer Spencer Robertson, an old hand at water filtration. The fixed showerhead is handsome, and the handheld shower has a much broader array of spray settings than most—including a fun, ultra-broad spray setting that’s like a savagely powerful misting device. This said, the KDF-55 and calcium sulfite filter didn’t filter even close to the majority of total chlorine levels from my chloramine-treated water system. Based on results I’ve reviewed from Croix’s internal testing, I’d more likely recommend this device for chlorine-treated systems like the one in New York City. WIRED was able to review internal testing showing that Croix’s filters were successful at filtering most free chlorine from water, in accordance with NSF standards. Replacement cartridges and filters are reasonably priced and recommended once every four months, a longer interval than most brands on the market.
Aquasana Inline Filter for $150: Aquasana’s funnily bulbous two-layer filter removed the majority of total chlorine in my chloramine-treated system, and it was also one of the only shower filter companies to offer independent testing data backing up its claims for chlorine-based systems. So far, so good. So why’s it not up near the top of our list? A flimsy shower wand with poor spray force and radius, a slight but unfortunate tendency toward leakiness at the shower connection, and unforgiving geometry that means it doesn’t link up well with all showerheads as an inline filter. Still, it works and it’s lab-attested for free chlorine removal, and I happily recommend it.
Jolie Filtered Showerhead for $165: The Jolie shower head pioneered the influencer-centric, testimonial-driven marketing model that has made shower filters so dominant in the public conversation. Its design, which looks a bit like a giant Monopoly playing piece and comes in chrome, gold, black, or red, is eminently likable. The device offers even water spray and a soft, stippled faceplate that feels luxuriant in the strangest of ways. But Jolie didn’t respond to requests for independent testing when we asked in 2024, and our own testing put it somewhere in the middle of the pack in terms of removing total chlorine from a chloramine-treated system.
Not Recommended
Sproos! Filtered Hand Shower for $148 ($99 with subscription): Sproos is a quirky, kicky, kooky shower brand aimed squarely at young “renters and DIYers”—offering a rainbow of bold colors for handheld filtered showerheads. But filter testing was middle of the pack. Also, the valve on Sproos’ heavy, side-mounted filter broke under its own weight after two days when we tested in 2024, causing an alarming bang and a bit of a mess.
Kohler Cinq for $150: Kohler is a venerable Wisconsin brand with a number of water treatment options for showers and faucets. The Cinq filtered showerhead is admirably classic in form, and its five-layer filter looked equally promising, advertising in particular KDF-55 and activated carbon. Home testing didn’t show great results with my chloramine-treated water, however, and for the price I felt entitled to high expectations. Requests for independent lab testing data in 2024 didn’t get results.
Act + Acre Showerhead Filter (Out of Stock): Beauty company Act + Acre’s filtered showerhead didn’t perform as well as others in my home testing of total chlorine. We also didn’t fall in love with the showerhead itself, which looks a bit like a gooseneck desk lamp and droops awkwardly from the shower pipe. The showerhead was listed as out of stock when we checked in multiple times during 2025.
Frequently Asked Questions
How We Tested and What We Tested
The market for filtered showerheads remains young and largely unregulated, and performance claims are only rarely backed up publicly by independent data. We made lots of requests, but few shower filter companies hand over their lab results. Thank you Rorra, Aquasana, Weddell, Croix, and Curo for being exceptions.)
Some makers told us that independent labs and certifying bodies have been backed up, and that data is forthcoming. Many offered customer satisfaction surveys or anecdotal studies instead. This all means that some skepticism is warranted.
And so I also got out test kits at home. First I test the total chlorine levels in the water without any filtering, a measure that includes either chloramine or free chlorine that’s interacted with whatever’s in your pipes. Then I test the water filtered by the showerhead. I perform each test multiple times to account for imprecision or fluctuations in testing and in municipal chlorine levels. In most cases, I do this over multiple days upon initial testing to account for any inconsistencies in my own water supply.
For testing, I avoided painfully unreliable home test strips, and instead got out somewhat nasty chemical indicators and used digital and chemical tests designed for pools and aquariums.
We also tested total dissolved solids using a TDS meter, and separately tested filters’ effects on pH in order to gauge effects but also to verify the reliability of chemical test results.
The effectiveness of filters goes down over time, of course, depending on how much contamination is filtered out of the water—which is why filters always need to be changed. As we update this guide, we continue to test the most effective showerhead filters to see how their efficacy changes over time—and add any new shower filters we’re able to recommend.
What Shower Filters Probably Don’t Do
The best shower filters I tested will improve your water quality. But shower filters can only do so much. The upshot is that you probably shouldn’t expect these shower filters to soften the mineral hardness of your water or remove most substances. Hard water is more often solved by specific water softeners, reverse osmosis filters, and whole-house water filtration systems.
After all, a filter must be relatively small to fit into a showerhead. And yet it’s being asked to filter gallons of water each minute, pushed out at both high temperature and high pressure. A showerhead filter poses a daunting engineering challenge, as compared to countertop water filters that treat only a small amount of water at a time—or a bulky reverse-osmosis device that can plug into your under-sink plumbing.
So what do these showerhead filters actually do, in a way we can measure? They filter chlorine and chlorine compounds, mostly through chemical reactions. Pretty much every American city adds low concentrations of chlorine or chlorine compounds to drinking water to kill potentially harmful bacteria. This is all well and good when the water’s still in the pipes. But chlorine’s not exactly great for your hair or your skin, and few people like to drink it. Some are also especially sensitive to the taste or smell, or prone to skin reactions.
The most prominent home shower filters rely in part on a zinc-copper mixture called KDF-55, known to be quite effective at neutralizing “free” chlorine in chlorine-treated systems. Other common substances used to treat chlorine and chlorine compounds include calcium sulfite and activated or catalytic carbon. The most effective filters use these in some combination. The main thing I was able to test and verify was shower filters’ ability to remove the total chlorine content of water coming out of your shower.
We’ve seen little evidence that the most common types of showerhead filters have much effect on the softness or hardness of water, or on calcium buildup. In fact, some early academic studies present evidence that they don’t. The shower filters we tested also had very little effect on the sum total of dissolved solids in our water, according to measurements with a TDS meter—i.e., the filters aren’t removing a large amount of materials or minerals from the water.
I wasn’t able to test claims by some companies that these filters remove heavy metals like lead and arsenic, which thankfully aren’t in my pipes. We only found one company, Weddell, whose filter was certified to remove lead. So far, so good! Nonetheless, if you believe you have dangerous lead or arsenic in your water, you probably shouldn’t try to fix the problem with a mail-order showerhead. Talk to a water treatment professional or your public health authority.
What Is Chloramine?
If you live in a major US city, chlorine is likely not what your city uses to treat the water in its pipes. New York, Chicago, Seattle, and Phoenix use chlorine, sure. But Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Boston, and most big cities in Texas don’t.
More than half of American big cities use a substance called chloramine, a more stable and enduring chemical that’s harder to filter and test. That’s also what was in my water supply. To test, I got out my handy digital water colorimeter and a somewhat nasty chemical indicator, and then tested the ability of each shower filter to treat any of a number of chlorine compounds in the water.
Curious whether your city uses chlorine or chloramine as a disinfectant in your pipes? Check here for an accounting of the 50 biggest municipal water systems in the United States.
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